The Unity of the Spirit
"In the Bond of Peace"

Recommended Bibles and Study Aids

Below is a listing of recommended Bible versions and aids for Bible study - focusing on the New Testament. The aids are grouped in the following way:

Introduction

Below are listed recommended Bible Versions and Bible Study Aids. All of the works listed are works by Bible scholars of outstanding abilities who are experts in the original languages, history and cultures of the Bible. These authors are all believers and range from conservative to somewhat liberal in their scriptural viewpoints. They encompass many different denominations from evangelical Protestant to mainline Protestant to Roman Catholic. The works chosen are chosen solely on the basis of the quality of the scholarship. The one common denominator in all of these scholars is their view of the NT as presenting the culmination and fulfillment of God's OT promises to his people through the coming of the Messiah, our Lord Jesus Christ. With Christ's first coming the power of God's kingdom was manifested on earth; through the giving of the Spirit on Pentecost the firstfruits of God's kingdom have already been received; and finally, the second coming of Christ will usher in the final establishment of God's kingdom in a renewed and glorious earth.

Choose from these works carefully. Before buying any of them look them over in bookstores or borrow them from libraries or friends to see if they'll be useful for you. Almost all are also available through the inter-library loan system. As with any book, one should read the preface and introduction of each work listed in order to most effectively use itin the light of its plan and purpose. The following listings are our top recommendations but this does not imply that we agree with all that is said in any of them or that there are not many other useful works as well. It is assumed that our readers are able to think for themselves and come to their own conclusions as they use these works.

Each study aid will be listed by either author or title or commentary series. The works most highly recommended will be in green print. Well-known titles are abbreviated for the sake of space. All books listed below are available from www.amzon.com or other booksellers. Out of print books are listed (OP) and must be found in used bookstores or wherever you can find them such as www.ebay.com and www.half.ebay.com and www.amazon.com. They will only be listed if they are of exceptional quality. The recommendations below are based on the quality of the particular work, their availability, and the price. Choose wisely according to your own needs.

Bible Versions

NASB
KJV, NKJV

RSV, ESV, NRSV, NAB

NIV, TNIV, HCSB,

NET

NLT, GNB
NEB, REB, NJB

CEV
The Message
Literal Balanced and Dynamic Equivalence Free

Overview:

The chart above gives a full range of recommended Bible versions ranging from more literal (word for word) translations to more free (thought for thought) translations. It begins on the left with those in the Tyndale/KJV tradition which are more literal (word for word) and and yet are still readable. These versions are in direct continuity with the traditons of English Bibles going back to the time of the Reformation in the 1500s when William Tyndale first translated the Bible into English from its original Greek (NT) and Hebrew (OT) languages. These versions try to maintain a high fidelity to the text of the original languages. They are sometimes fairly wooden in the rigidity of their translation and retain a great deal of ambiguity in English because of their literalness. However, a few of them (NKJV, NRSV, ESV) can certainly be well used as one's main Bible version, especially if you grew up in this tradition or attend a church/fellowship which uses one of these as its main version. If so, they should certainly be spiced up with a heavy dose of the balanced or free versions listed in the chart above for help in understanding of the Bible as a whole and of individual Bible passages.

Next, in the middle of the chart, are listed what I believe are those versions which feature the best combination, or balance, of accuracy to the meaning of the original langauges of Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT) and readability in good current English. These versions maintain some continuity with the Tyndale/KJV tradition but try to achieve more of a balance between word for word and thought for thought translation. These are perhaps the most all-around useful versions and are a good choice for one's own personal Bible for regular reading, study and memorization.

On the right side of the chart are listed several free (meaning for meaning) translations which are both highly readable (good!) but also highly interpretive (sometimes good, sometimes bad!). These versions are especially good for gaining a basic knowledge of the meaning of the Bible as a whole and for jogging our thinking as to possible meanings of individual passages. They should not be used as the final word on a subject but, instead, in conjunction with the more literal and balanced versions above. Nevertheless, some of these can bring new vistas of understanding to the Bible reader, just as they have done for me ever since I first began using them in my teens.

All of the above versions are excellent versions and are useful for either Bible reading or for more serious Bible study. There is, however, no single "best" version which would qualify as a version that would be the best for all English readers to use. Generally, I recommend that a person choose one version for one's own personal Bible for regular reading, study, and memorization. Then, use a range of the others for comparison purposes in Bible study and for reading to gain new perspectives on different Biblical passages. Below are listed my own personal favorites in each category above.

My Personal Recommended Favorites:

1. Literal: the English Standard Version (ESV) - This "essentially literal" version updates and maintains continuity with the Tyndale/KJV tradition. The ESV is a major revision of the Revised Standard Version (RSV pub. 1952) which itself was a revision of earlier revisions in the Tyndale/KJV tradition. The ESV is, therefore, the most recent revision of this tradition and it was first published in 2002. It was also recently updated in 2007. The ESV is far more accurate than the traditional and popular KJV and, in my view, it reads better than its Tyndale/KJV cousins the NASB, the NKJV and the RSV. In addition, its translation of gender related language seems to just....about find the right balance reflecting the Biblical cultures of the OT and the NT in correspondingly accurate and current English usage - a very tricky thing to do! In this way, it also surpasses the NRSV which often goes overboard in its gender related language usage, though it is still an excellent and useful version. Hopefully, the ESV will continue to be updated as time goes by and therefore refine what is already a very good version into an even better "essentially literal" version in the Tyndale/KJV tradition.

2. Balanced: the New International Version (NIV) and Today's New International Version (TNIV) - These are, perhaps, the best all-around versions for reading and everyday use as one's own personal Bible for reading, study and memorization. The NIV's last edition was published in 1984 and it achieved a very high degree of accuracy in translation as well as a high degree of readability in English. In fact, it would be true to say that the NIV revolutionized the world of Bible reading by making available an English translation that was accurate in meaing in the language of the common man. The NIV quickly became the most popular Bible in the English speaking world and continues to hold the same status today in the year 2008. In 2003 a sister version the Today's New International version was published. This version updated some 6% of the NIV. Most of these changes were helpful, though not that signifcant. However, the attempts to use so-called "gender-neutral" language throughout has caused a great deal of controversy. In my view, many of the changes in gender language usage were good. However, for my tastes the TNIV has gone too far in its "pluralizing" (cf. Psalm 1) and in the use of the "singular they/their/them" (cf. Romans 14:1-5) - though, all of these usages can also legitimately be justified. I think that for many people the NIV will remain their first choice while others, especially younger people, will opt for the TNIV. There is very, very little difference as to meaning between the two and, in my view, the best choice is to use them almost inter-changeably with each helping to clarify the translation and meaning of the other.

3. New Living Translation (Second Edition with 2007 update (NLT) - There are several outstanding meaning for meaning versions of the Bible. Currently, I believe that the New Living Translation is by far the best. Its many updates (use its latest 2007 edtition) has actually made it into a version that is extremely readable while also being very accurate as to its meaning. In fact, it now verges on being in the "balanced" category and could easily serve as the main Bible version for many people. I would highly encourage everyone to get a copy of this and to use it for both comparison purposes and for reading for overall meaning. This is also a good choice, along with the NIV and TNIV, for being a gift Bible for new or young believers alike.

4. The Complete Parallel Bible (NRSV, REB, NAB, NJB all with the Apocrypha) - This parallel Bible contains four highly respected mainline Bible versions - side by side - which are all excellent for study and comparison purposes. All of these versions are well thought of in the scholarly community. The NRSV is what is used by many universities and seminaries as well as mainline denominations. It is a very accurate version as to meaning and it generally reads well despite going too far, in my view, in its gender language usage. The Revised English Bible (REB) is a revision of the New English Bible (NEB) and was made primarily for a British audience. Its English usage is, perhaps, the most eloguent of all major English versions. It is good for publich reading, for enjoyment of reading, and for comparison purposes. In my view, however, its translational choices are too interpretive to have it be used for one's main version. The New American Bible (NAB) is the main Bible version of the American Roman Catholic Church community. It is a very accurate rendering of the text but its readability often leaves something to be desired, a fact that very many leading Roman Catholics have often noted. It is, however, a good version to be familiar with and to use for comparison purposes. The New Jerusalem Bible is a revsion of the Jerusalem Bible which was based on a French version of the Bible. It is a Roman Catholic version in the free tradtion of versions. It is an extremely elegant rendering of the Bible with some great translations throughout. It should be high on the list for comparison purposes; however, it is too interpretive to be one's main version.

5. The Evangelical Parallel New Testament (NKJV, NIV, ESV, HCSB, TNIV, NLT, NCV, The Message) - This parallel Bible contains most of the most popular evangelical versions of the New Testament.The only problem with this is the question as to whether this parallel Bible will continue to include the most recent revisions of the versions listed above. If it does so periodically it will continue to be a very useful too indeed. If it doesn't, it will start to lose its relevance as a comparative tool for Bible study. I would then recommend that one look for other parallel Bibles with a similar grouping of Bible versions. Let me know if you find a better one that what is listed above.

Bible Background: How to Read and Understand the Bible

1. Understanding Scripture: How to Read and Study the Bible (A.B. & A.M. Mickelson)

2. How to Read the Bible for All its Worth (Fee & Stuart)

3. The Gospel of the Kingdom (G.E. Ladd)

4. The New Testament: its Background, Growth and Development (B. Metzger)

5. The Cambridge Companion to the Bible (H. C. Key, et al)

All of these books, beginning with the simplest and moving to the most advanced, give excellent background information for understanding the Bible according to its original intent and meaning. These books deal with both principles of interpretation and historical, cultural, and language information. They are all extremely helpful in setting-out the principles, methods and tools for proper biblical study.


Study Bibles

Recommended Favorites:

1. NIV or TNIV Study Bible

2. The Harper Collins Study Bible with the NRSV

3. The Archeological Study Bible with the NIV

4. The Catholic Study Bible with the NAB

5. The New Jerusalem Study Bible with the NJB

Study Bibles are the most useful study aid for most Christian believers. The NIV or TNIV Study Bible and The Harper Collins Study Bible (with the NRSV) are the best of those available and, in my view, the NIV Study Bible is by far the best of these two. Nevertheless, they are both full of useful information: background, word definitions, maps, diagrams, short concordance, scripture cross-references, etc. The NIV or TNIV Study Bible is conservative in its outlook on Scripture but recognizes the necessity for historical, cultural and linguistic study to properly understand the Bible. The Harper Collins Study Bible (with NRSV) comes from the much more liberal view of Scripture of The Society for Biblical Literature whose expertise in all biblical fields is undoubted. The Archeological Study Bible comes in an attractive format and uses the NIV as its main text. There are excellent articles throughout that deal with both archeological and historical matters. The Catholic Study Bible is loaded with very good information that is not easy to find elsewhere and uses as its main text the New American Bible (NAB) which is the main Roman Catholic version used in America today. The New Jerusalem Study Bible also containe some very unique information from Roman Catholic Bible Scholars. The New Jerusalem Bible is also a very interesting version to read and use for comparison purposes. In fact, the diveristy in these Bibles in the versions they use and in their study-notes is just what makes them especially good for study purposes.

Bible Dictionaries

Recommended Favorites:

1. New Bible Dictionary

2. New International Bible Dictionary

3. The Eerdman's Bible Dictionary

4. Harper Collins Bible Dictionary

5. The International Standard Bible Dictionary (Multi-Volume)

Next to a good Study Bible this is by far the best study aid for the general student of the Bible. It should be the first study aid to turn to when studying any topic. My favorite is the New Bible Dictionary (NBD). The NBD is conservative in outlook but deep on scholarship. The articles in it are written by many outstanding biblical scholars who are also devout believers. There are a lot of other good Bible Dictionaries - both single and multi-volume - which you can choose from to supplement this one as listed above.

Word Meanings

Recommended Favorites:

1. NIV Study Bible or other Study Bible

2. The NIV Theological Dictionary of New Testament Words

3. The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT Multi-Volume)

4. Theological Dictionary of the NT in Abridged Form ("Little Kittel")

5. A Greek-English Lexicon of the NT and Early Christian Literature by Bauer, Arntd, Gingrich and Danker (BAGD)

Study Bibles have concise definitions of most key words and this is all the great majority of people need. It is a common fallacy to think that one can study words on their own apart from their contexts. Unfortunately, languages don’t work this way. For most people, therefore, it is much better to use a good Study Bible, Bible Dictionary or, especially, a good Commentary to help you to understand the meaning of a word - in its context - than to do word studies or to look up individual words in regular English dictionaries or, even, in Greek-English lexicons or dictionaries. Always remember, it’s the Hebrew or Greek word or phrase behind the English word or phrase that matters - not the English word itself - thus, English dictionaries are of little use in studying the Bible!

For those who want to do more in-depth study there are four works that are more complex beginning with A Greek-English Lexicon of the NT and Other Early Christian Literature by Bauer, Arntd, Gingrich and Danker (BAGD). This has recently been updated and is an excellent standard work, though it is difficult to use without some knowledge of Greek. “Little Kittel” is more useful. It is a one-volume abridged version of the multi-volume Theological Dictionary of the New Testament and gleans the best insights from that work. But my favorite is The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (NIDNTT). This comes in 3 volumes plus one volume of extremely useful indexes. In addition, there is a recently completed abridgement of this work keyed to the NIV. It is called The NIV Theological Dictionary of New Testament Words. If you use the NIV this is, perhaps the simplest and most useful work of all for understanding NT words.

Theologies of the New Testament

Recommended Favorites:

1. The Message of the New Testament (by F.F. Bruce)

2. A Theology of the New Testament (by G.E. Ladd)

3. New Testament Theology (by G.B. Caird)

4. The Theology of Paul the Apostle (by J.D.G. Dunn)

5. God's Empowering Presence (by Gordon Fee)

There are many theologies of the New Testament that one can learn a great deal from. These are all scholarly works and assume a high level of education and familiarity with the NT on the part of the reader. They are especially important for explaining the overall background of the New Testament including history, culture and language. They also present the perspectives and emphases of each of the NT writers. Pride of place must go to the time-honored and time-tested A Theology of the New Testament by George Eldon Ladd. This work, though a little dry at times, explains the NT plan and perspective of Salvation in clear terms and then goes through the entire NT in a logical manner dealing with almost every important NT person, word, concept and issue. The indexes in this work are invaluable and make it possible to look up almost any verse, subject, etc. of importance and to study them in-depth. A second, intriguing, thought-provoking and very readable work is New Testament Theology by J.B. Caird. This book can be read straight through and is simply loaded with insights on many subjects. By far the best theology focusing primarily on Paul’s theology is The Theology of Paul the Apostle by James D.G. Dunn. This is an outstanding and very up-to-date work and is highly recommended. It centers on Paul’s Letter to the Romans and proceeds to study Paul’s theology from there. Dunn is an outstanding scholar who is not afraid to go beyond the accepted wisdom on any given topic and offer new insights or suggestions. Though some of his positions can at times be iconoclastic, they are always worth considering and more often than not are correct.Two other major scholars of Paul are F.F. Bruce and Joseph Fitzmyer. They both have written works on Pauline theology; however, most of their insight into Paul and his theology can be gleaned from their many commentaries on Paul's Letters and the Book of Acts. Each of them also offers a summary of Paul's theology in the introductory parts of their commentaries on Paul's Letter to the Romans both of which are recommended below. Finally, a unique work that is loaded with insight for understanding the New Testament in its proper light is Gordon Fee's work God's Empowering Presence: The Holy Spirit in the Letters of Paul. This is the best study of this topic now existence and is highly recommeded.

Recommended New Testament Commentaries (see bottom of the page for abbreviations)

Bible commentaries are indispensable for serious study of the individual books of the Bible. But, they are not for everybody. They should be used as references to help with background, word meanings, setting, etc. in order to understand a book or section of scripture in its original context. Some of these are written well enough to be read straight through, but they should never take precedence over your own reading, study and memorization of the Scriptures themselves. The commentaries below are listed in order of increasing complexity under each NT book as well as by the author and title of the series in which they appear. Two cheap and useful series in their entirety are Tyndale and NIBC. For the best overall quality of research, usability, readability and price I would choose the NICNT series. All abbreviations are explained at the end. OP means "out of print" but can usually be found.

Matthew:
1. Richard T. France, Tyndale and NICNT
2. Donald A. Carson, Expositors, 2 Volumes

These are both excellent commentaries that complement each other well throughout. I generally prefer France's because it is a clearer format but Carson's is more detailed. France's original work in the Tyndale series has recently been greatly expanded to become the much more detailed commentary for the NICNT. It's good to compare the views of the eschatological discourse of Matt. 24 by these commentators. The most detailed commentary on Matthew is the ICC contribution by Allison and Davies which is in three volumes. It is loaded with information but sold for an exorbitant price.

Mark:
1. Larry Hurtado, NIBC
2. William Lane, NICNT

The NIV Study Bible notes are usually sufficient for Mark. Hurtado's commentary is somewhat dry but it is solid in background material with good end-notes after each chapter. Lane's commentary has more detail and a real reverence for the subject but I'm not sure many really need a commentary of this size on Mark. Mark is pretty straightforward except for sections like chapter 13.

Luke:
1. E. Earl Ellis, NCBC (OP)
2. Joseph Fitzmyer, Anchor, 2 Volumes

E. Earl Ellis' commentary on Luke is a classic and though the NCBC series is (OP), it is well worth trying to find this particular volume. There is a lot in this commentary that you won't find anywhere else. It is written in a succinct style with an excellent Introduction. Fitzmyer's commentary is the standard: very detailed with lots of learning displayed. The format is clear and the Introduction ties together Lucan theology in Luke/Acts. This commentary is quite complex. It is always of interest to see what Fitzmyer has to say on any subject, but this two-volume set is also quite expensive.

John:
1. F.F. Bruce, Eerdmans (not part of a series)
2. Raymond Brown, Anchor, 2 Volumes

Bruce's work is a straightforward commentary of the biblical text that emphasizes the new age of salvation from John's perspective. It also contains a good deal of pertinent background information that relates to the context. For the most part it avoids reading Nicean ideas back into the text. Brown's commentary is something of a classic and comes in two volumes that are filled with many insightful comments and very good notes on the text. Brown also aims to summarize and interact with all major commentaries on John before his. Be prepared for a lot of speculation on setting, sources, etc. as well as a major dose of sacramentalism in this work.

Acts:
1. F.F. Bruce, NICNT

Comparatively speaking, there are not that many good commentaries available on the Book of Acts but this is one. It is a solid commentary by Bruce in a clear format. It is especially good at showing the NT fulfillment of OT themes throughout. This commentary also provides an opportunity to tap into Bruce's wide and deep knowledge of the historical background of the NT which is so necessary to understanding both Acts and the NT Letters.

Romans:
1. F.F. Bruce, Tyndale
2. Douglass Moo, NICNT
3. Joseph Fitzmyer, Anchor

There are many, many good commentaries on Romans that one can learn a great deal from. Bruce's commentary is somewhat of a classic. It is compact and concise but in no way lacking in theological content. It is a wonderful exposition of the gospel message throughout with an extremely helpful Introduction on Paul's theology. Moo’s commentary has a tremendous amount of useful information and is popular amongst Evangelicals. It is very well done and fairly easy to use. However, Joseph Fitzmyer's commentary on Romans is simply the best. It is a masterpiece of learning, precision and sound judgment. Though detailed, it is presented in a very clear format. The Introduction offers a superb summary of Paul's theology. Of the many other commentaries on Romans that truly have something to offer Fitzmyer's contribution stands out for its overall clarity and its scope and understanding of every aspect of the subject. Any student of Romans should have this commentary for constant reference.

I Corinthians:
1. Richard B. Hays, Interpr.
2. Gordon Fee, NICNT

These are two outstanding commentaries and both are highly recommended for those who have a special interest in this book of the Bible. Hays' commentary is full of insightful and forceful remarks from beginning to end with a lot that you won't find anywhere else. It's easy to read and a joy to read. Fee's commentary is a blend of extremely detailed scholarly work and pointed comments that need to be heard by many in the church today. Both commentaries are very good on the "spiritual matters" of I Cor. 12-14 and on "eschatological" thought throughout - esp. chap. 15. In short, students of I Corinthians are very well served by these two commentaries.

II Corinthians:
1. Colin Kruse, Tyndale

This is a brief, solid commentary that is easy to read and follow but not lacking in insightful commentary. Well written with sound judgment throughout.

Galatians:
1. R. Alan Cole, Tyndale
2. Ronald Y. K. Fung, NICNT
3. F.F. Bruce, NIGTC

Cole's commentary is a clear and excellent exposition of the heart of the gospel as set forth in Galatians despite its brevity. Fung's work offers a detailed exposition of justification by faith together with a good understanding and presentation of the many other issues in Galatians as such as the role of the Spirit, continuity between the OT and New, etc. Bruce's commentary is detailed and extremely precise. The NIGNTC format in this case is not difficult to follow even if you can't read Greek.

Ephesians:
1. G.B. Caird, Paul's Letters From Prison (OP)
2. F.F. Bruce, NICNT with Ephesians, Colossians & Philemon
3. Andrew Lincoln, WBC

Anyone who can find G.B. Caird's Paul's Letters from Prison (OP) would also be well advised to do so. This is an outstanding work that deals with Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians and Philemon. There is much is this small volume by Caird that you'll have a hard time finding anywhere else. Fortunately, others have built on his work. For insightful understanding of Paul's thought Bruce's commentary is first class and it comes together in one volume with his commentary on Colossians and Philemon. Together with Caird's this is my favorite and it’s a super value! Lincoln's commentary is detailed, massive and theologically rich. It is loaded with valuable information but also loaded with Greek and the WBC series, though excellent for serious students, is not easy to follow.

Philippians:
1. Gordon Fee, NICNT
2. Gerald Hawthorne, WBC

G.B. Caird's work Paul's Letters from Prison (OP) is the best if you can find it. Fee's and Hawthorne's larger commentaries also have a lot to offer in understanding Paul's theology and thought within the setting of this Letter. Fee's is now considered the standard but his understanding should especially be compared with Caird.

Colossians:
1. F.F. Bruce, NICNT with Ephesians, Colossians and Philemon.
2. James D.G. Dunn, NIGTC with Philemon

As above in Ephesians and Philippians Caird's work is outstanding. Also, as above in Ephesians Bruce's work is solid as usual and comes in one volume with his commentary on Ephesians and Philemon. James Dunn offers a great deal in his commentary that you won't find anywhere else - especially in his understanding of Col. 1:15ff. Above all, he offers a solid and consistent exposition of the text in the light of true Jewish/Christian monotheism.

I & II Thessalonians:
1. David Williams, NIBC
2. F.F. Bruce, WBC

The NIV Study Bible has excellent notes on I and II Thessalonians and most people won't need much more than that. Williams' commentary is good, especially if it is used with, and compared with, The NIV Study Bible notes. Bruce's detailed work is first class and is a model of sound scholarship. It is cautious in judgments about matters that are debatable from the text. He sets forth the major alternative views and then his own solid judgments.

I & II Timothy and Titus:
1. Gordon Fee, NIBC

A generally good commentary with a strong defense of Paul's authorship and a good Introduction and endnotes.

Hebrews:
1. F.F. Bruce, NICNT

An excellent commentary throughout with the usual solid emphasis on the continuity and liberating effects of the new covenant gospel message that is so characteristic of Bruce.

James:
1. Douglas Moo, Tyndale
2. Peter Davids, NIBC

The notes in the NIV Study Bible are excellent on James. Moo's work is solid and doesn't go in for speculation beyond the plain meaning of the text. Davids' is good, with good end-notes, but should be compared with Moo's, especially on the subject of "works" and on the setting of the Letter.

I Peter:
1. Peter Davids, NICNT
2. J. Ramsey Michaels, WBC

Both of these are excellent commentaries on I Peter with a good grasp of the main themes and are very helpful on the more difficult sections. Davids' is much easier to read and follow but Michaels' has a lot of interesting detail and sound comments. I’d highly recommend it but for the technical difficulty of the WBC format.

II Peter & Jude:
1. Richard Bauckham, WBC

Outstanding. There is much to be learned from Bauckham's massive work, but it is highly technical.

I, II & III John:
1. I. H. Marshall, NICNT

A straightforward exposition of the text with a good presentation of the balance necessary in understanding the Semitic language of John with his use of absolutes such as "light and darkness," "love and hate," etc.

Revelation:
1. G. E. Ladd, Eerdmans (not part of a series)
2. Robert W. Wall (NIBC)
3. NIV Study Bible and The Harper-Collins Study Bible or Commentaries by Robert Mounce (NICNT) and David Aune (WBC)

Any interpretation of the Book of Revelation should not be allowed to override the clearness and simplicity of Christian beliefs and practices that are set forth consistently throughout the rest of the NT. The first two commentaries recommended above set forth most of the various viewpoints on Revelation that are worth considering. Both of these are extremely cheap, readable and usable. Ladd’s skill in understanding and explaining Revelation in the light of biblical eschatology as a whole is outstanding and his exposition of the text is always edifying and interesting, even if one disagrees with his interpretation. Wall’s forty page Introduction and his End-notes at the end of each chapter are extremely useful and his exposition of the text is a good balance to Ladd’s. Many other commentaries have a lot to offer. Robert Mounce’s work (NICNT) is also generally solid throughout and David Aune’s new commentary (WBC) in 3 volumes is by far the most up to date, detailed, and scholarly, but it is too complex for most people. It should also be noted that Mounce provides the study notes for The NIV Study Bible on Revelation and Aune provides the study notes for The Harper Collins Study Bible on Revelation. I recommend buying Ladd’s and Wall’s commentaries and using the Study Bible notes for the other two.


Abbreviations:

Tyndale: Tyndale New Testament Commentaries
NIBC: New International Biblical Commentary
Interpr: Interpretation
Expositors: Expositors Bible Commentary
NCBC: New Century Bible Commentary (OP)
NICNT: New International Commentary on the NT
Anchor: Anchor Bible Commentary
WBC: Word Biblical Commentary
NIGTC: New International Greek Testament Commentary
ICC: International Critical Commentary
OP: Out of print

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